Git Common Commands Quick Reference: Remember These 10 Commands, Git Operations Will Be Easy
This article introduces 10 core and commonly used Git commands to help beginners quickly master basic operations. The core commands cover the complete workflow from initialization to collaboration: - **Initialization/Clone**: `git init` initializes a local repository, and `git clone` copies code from a remote repository; - **Modify and Commit**: `git add` stages changes (use `.` for a single file or entire directory), and `git commit -m "message"` commits to the local repository (with clear commit messages); - **Status and History**: `git status` checks repository status, and `git log` views commit history (`--oneline` for a concise format); - **Branch Management**: `git checkout -b branch-name` creates and switches to a branch, and `git merge branch-name` merges branches (note conflict handling); - **Collaboration Operations**: `git pull` fetches and merges remote code, and `git push origin branch-name` pushes a local branch to the remote. The core workflow is: Initialize/Clone → Stage modifications (add) → Commit → Branch management → Collaboration (pull/push). Beginners can gradually become proficient through practice, reducing version management chaos.
Read MoreDiagram of Common Git Operations: Complete Steps from Clone to Commit
This article introduces the basic operation process for Git beginners from cloning a repository to committing modifications. First, clarify three core areas: the working directory (unmanaged modified files), the staging area (a temporary storage area for commits), and the local repository (permanently records commit history). The process includes: 1. Cloning a remote repository (`git clone <URL>`); 2. Entering the directory and checking status (`git status`); 3. Modifying files (working directory operations); 4. Staging modifications (`git add [filename]` or `git add .`); 5. Committing to the local repository (`git commit -m "message"`); 6. Viewing commit history (`git log`); 7. Pushing to the remote repository (`git push origin [branch]`). A quick-reference cheat sheet for key commands summarizes core operations, emphasizing that Git enables collaboration and version management by tracking changes, with regular practice allowing rapid mastery of the basic workflow.
Read MoreSolving Common Git Error: "Your local changes would be overwritten by merge" – How to Fix It?
When encountering the "Your local changes would be overwritten by merge" error during `git merge`, it is because there are uncommitted modifications in your local branch. Git prevents the merge to avoid data loss. Solutions (in recommended order): 1. **Stash Changes (Recommended)**: Use `git stash` to save uncommitted modifications. After merging, use `git stash pop` to restore them (or `git stash apply` to retain the stash). 2. **Commit Changes First (Safe)**: Stage changes with `git add .`, commit them with `git commit`, then merge (suitable for scenarios where modifications are valuable). 3. **Discard Changes (Caution)**: Reset the working directory with `git reset --hard HEAD` (permanently loses uncommitted changes; confirm they are unnecessary first). If conflicts occur after merging, manually edit conflicted files (marked with `<<<<<<<` etc.), resolve them, then run `git add` and commit. ⚠️ Note: Prioritize stashing or committing. Always back up changes before discarding them. Confirm the necessity of changes before operation to avoid data loss.
Read MoreGit stash Stashing Function: Temporarily Save Uncommitted Code
Git stash is used to temporarily stash uncommitted changes in the working directory and staging area, avoiding conflicts when switching branches or pulling code. It saves the modifications and restores the working directory to the state of the most recent commit, without retaining branch information. Core commands: `git stash` to stash changes, `git stash apply` to restore the most recent stash (without deletion), `git stash pop` to restore and delete (recommended), and `git stash list` to view stashes. A practical scenario is urgent bug fixing: stash changes → switch branches to fix → restore stash. Note: Stash is temporary, and conflicts may occur during restoration. The difference between `pop` and `apply` is whether the stash record is deleted. Stash is not a branch. Master the core commands, clean up stashes after use, and keep the working directory tidy.
Read MoreGit Pull and Push: How to Keep Code Synchronized with Remote Repository
Git Pull and Push are core operations for synchronizing code between the local and remote repositories. Pull is used to fetch remote updates, while Push is used to share local modifications. Pull: The command is `git pull [remote repository name] [branch name]` (default remote is origin and branch is main), e.g., `git pull origin main`. Before execution, confirm the correct branch. If there are no updates, it will prompt "Already up to date". If there are updates, the local code will be automatically merged. Push: After completing local modifications, first stage the changes with `git add .` and commit with `git commit -m "description"`, then push using `git push [remote repository name] [branch name]`. For the first push, add the `-u` option to associate the branch (e.g., `git push -u origin main`); subsequent pushes can use `git push` directly. Key Tips: Pull before pushing to avoid conflicts. When conflicts occur, manually modify the conflicting files, then stage with `git add .` and commit before pushing again. Use `git status` to check the status before pushing. Pull updates the local repository, and Push shares your changes. Developing the habit of Pulling before Pushing can reduce conflicts and improve collaboration efficiency.
Read MoreGit Common Commands Quick Reference: Pull, Push, and Branch Switching All in One
Git is a version control tool that can record file modifications, revert versions, and support multi - person collaboration. The commonly used commands are as follows: Basic operations: Use `git init` to initialize a local repository, and `git clone 地址` to clone a remote repository. Daily operations: `git status` to check the file status, `git add` to stage modifications (use `git add .` to stage all changes), and `git commit -m "message"` to commit to the local repository. Branch operations: `git branch` to view branches, `git checkout -b 分支名` to create and switch to a branch, and `git merge 分支名` to merge branches. Pull and push: `git pull 远程 分支` to pull code, and `git push 远程 分支` to push (add `-u` for the first time). Undo and recovery: `git checkout -- 文件` to undo uncommitted modifications, and `git reset --soft HEAD~1` to revert the last commit (retaining modifications). Notes: The commit message should be clear, follow the branch naming conventions, always `pull` before collaboration to avoid conflicts, and use `git reset --hard` with caution. Core commands: `init`, `clone`, `add`, `commit`, `status`, `checkout`, `merge`
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